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UNIT 3 - Introduction to critical and contextual awareness in art and design

1)What was one of the reasons artists stopped focusing on realism?

 

Many portrait artists lost clients due to the invention of Photographs by Daguerre

 

2)Who was the first artist to focus on ‘capturing emotion and light in a painting rather than capture realism’?

 

J.W. Turner

 

1)Select one of his images and comment on it

In this painting Turner has captured the emotion of the sunset, 
he used a lot of bright yellows in order to convey the energy
given off from the sun. The painting is titled after a yacht but in the
painting itself the yacht is barely noticeable. I think this is to portray 
the presence of the sun compared to the existence of the yacht and 
how insignificant the yacht is compared to the strong sunlight given
off from the sunset.

 

3) What movement was trying to ‘capture a feeling or experience rather than to achieve accurate depiction’.

 

Impresionism

 

1)Choose an artist and Painting from this movement a comment on it

In this painting Monet has captured the shapes of the two people without

putting too much effort into th actual detail. The scene gives off a melancholy

feeling as the setting seems to be a cloudy day on an average field and yet the

womans features and the fact that she is holding an umbrella (parasol) on a

non-rainy day seem to make her look sad. Combined with the sad look of 

the lady, the child in the background can be seen giving off a sense of sadness

as he appears to be somewhat lifeless. The pose of the lady seems to give off

the impression that she is in the process of turning away from the view, and 

possibly walking off further signifying the feeling of sadness given off from

this painting. 

 

4) What did Cezanne say that everything can be reduced to?

 

Everything can be broken down in shapes. "Everything in nature is based on the sphere, cone and cylinder."

 

1)Find an image of his and comment on it

The painting done by Cezanne is very minimalistic but still conveys

the image of a city skyline with a mountain in the background. 

It does prove that Cezanne's theory of shapes in nature is correct

to an extent however the image itself doesn't show much detail.

 

 

 

 

 

5)Cubism is meant to enable you to see multiple viewpoints at once. Find a Cubist image by Picasso and comment on whether this seems true.

 

The much acclaimed painting by Picasso portrays the idea of a woman playing a 

mandolin. The entirity of the painting is done in shapes but it still portrays the image

of a woman playing a mandolin. To an extent this also proves Cezanne's theory and 

this is one of the paintings that began the Cubism artistic movement. The actual 

painting itself does not show much detail, just enough to be able to make out the 

shapes. 

 

 

 

6)What did Photorealism develop in response to?

 

Photorealism developed in order to counter Abstract Expressionism in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

 

1)Find 3 Photorealistic images and comment on their look and development                            

 

 

 

Answering Questions

J.W.Turner, Yacht Approaching the Coast, 1845

Paul Cezanne, Mount Sainte-Victoire, 1904

Pablo Picasso, Girl with a Mandolin, 1910

Claude Monet, Woman with a Parasol,1875

This is a pencil drawing of a woman emerging from a body of water whilst whipping her hair back, this photorealstic drawing is very highly detailed making it look almost identical to the photo it was based upon. This level of detail can only be done on a very large scale so this drawing was most likely a scaled up version of the photo and then in order to give it the detail that it has it was zoomed out once again to the size of the original photograph.

Jono Dry, Fibonacci, 2012

This is a painting of two typical bottles of ketchup and a salt shaker. Although this painting is not as detailed as the pencil drawing shown before it still focuses on the details that the camer a captures very well. To make a painting photorealitic an artist has to focus on things that the camera cannot do such as focus on everything on the image at once. We've come to get used to things like background blur and so we do not notice them in our daily lives when viewing photos and this is why when an artist focuses on those points it makes the painting more photorealistic and detailed.

Ralph Goings, Double Ketchup, 2006

Suprisingly, this painting was done on a tablet device. It was created using an app for finger painting and a timelapse of how the artist has created this painting can be seen in the youtube video below. The amount of detail on this image is stunning as this painting captures everything ranging from camera blur to even the higher contrasts given off by the camera's flash.  

Kyle Lambert, Morgan Freeman, 2013

The youtube video reveals that the painting was created in 200+ hours and it was painted with 285,000 brushstrokes.


The app that this was created in records every stroke and this is how the author was able to share the entire process of creating the painting.

Essay Assignment

Essay Assignment, 500 words discussing the argument :

"Did the camera kill art ?"

 

At the time of the camera's invention most artists specialized in creating portraits as realistically as possible hence the creation of the argument that the camera killed art. As people began using cameras they quickly realised that having a portrait painted was not only more time consuming but it was also never going to be as detailed as a photo, as a result many artists have found themselves without a proper job as they were simply outcompeted by the camera therefore in some ways it is appropriate to agree that the camera did 'kill' the art style that was reigning supreme at the time however the creation of the camera has also spawned several new movements that would have not been even acknowledged if the art industry at the time was not in such a state. 

 

As mentioned before, with the invention of the camera many art movements were created to compete with photos on a different level than detail, one of these movements was J.W.Turner, he set out to capture the emotion given off by a setting rather than focusing on the detail. This was the first in the movement that would come to be known as "Impressionism". The movement aimed to capture the 'Impression' of a setting rather than the detail a camera could capture. This movement would not have been accepted if it wasn't for the invention of the camera. This is because at the time the definition of art was very limited to paintings trying to capture as much detail as possible. Following "Impressionism" more and more artists began to challenge what is considered 'art' and what is not. Much of art was now abstract and very different to what it used to be. 

 

One artist challenged the concept of detail by claiming that everything can be reduced to basic shapes such as the sphere, cone and cylinder. The artist in question is Paul Cezanne. His paintings are known to be very abstract and made up of various shapes that form the scene but do not give it much detail. This is where many people started doubting that these movements can even be called 'art'. Some did not agree to showing emotion in paintings and missed the days where painters would try to create the most detailed paintings possible. Due to this divide new movements were created, one of them being 'Photorealism''. This movement was created solely for the purpose of creating paintings that looked like photographs, therefore requiring an immense amount of detail put into them however in order to create the most realistic photo these artists must use a camera to capture the scene and then replicate all of the camera's 'flaws' such as blurring in order to create what we know as realistic photos/paintings. Such a movement would not be possible if it wasn't for the invention of the camera. 

 

In a sense it is plausible to say that instead of 'killing' art the camera re-invented it to create several different movements that bring variety, something that was not seen in the times when the camera was not yet invented however a divide still exists between the people who believe that all 'art' is art and people who do not wish to acknowledge abstract 'art' as they deem it too messy and sometimes don’t even see the scene the artist wanted to envision. Personally I agree that all 'art' takes skill to create however I do not see the reason for abstract art to be so widely loved as to me a lot of it looks unfinished or messy. 

Ai Weiwei Exhibition

Ai Weiwei Exhibition trip to the Royal Academy of Arts

 

1. Find 'The Sichuan Earthquake':

 

Describe what it looks like

 

A lot of support beams glued together to form a giant sculpture

What is it made out of ?

 

Support beams from buildings damaged in the Sichuan Earthquake

What do you think hes trying to show

 

He is trying to bring attention to this earthquake as it was hidden by the Chinese goverment and not many people knew about it. 

 

2. Choose a piece that interests you: 'Crystal Cube'

 

Describe what it looks like

 

A giant glass cube that reflects all that is near, it weighs 2 and a half tons

What is it made out of ?

 

Glass

 

What do you think hes trying to show

 

The process of making the cube was so difficult it took Ai Weiwei 6 months of constant heating and cooling of the glass to create the cube, I believe that the cube is an expression of minimalism but it isn't the first cube created by Ai Weiwei

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